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In April 2023, fierce fighting erupted on the streets of Khartoum as the military fought against the Rapid Security Forces (RSF), a powerful paramilitary faction. After months of tension, it has seen many countries scramble to evacuate their civilians against fears that Sudan could be heading towards another brutal civil war.
Sudan has been in a state of war for almost its entire history. Having become independent in 1956, it was immediately plunged into a brutal conflict as the Christian African South fought against the predominantly Arab Muslim North. While a peace deal was reached in the early 1970s, fighting erupted again in the early 1980s. But while this eventually led to the independence of South Sudan, another major conflict emerged in the Western province of Darfur. This saw the army assisted by a vicious paramilitary group, the Janjaweed. But as accusations of genocide grew, the fighters were incorporated into the armed forces as the…...more
In April 2023, fierce fighting erupted on the streets of Khartoum as the military fought against the Rapid Security Forces (RSF), a powerful paramilitary faction. After months of tension, it has seen many countries scramble to evacuate their civilians against fears that Sudan could be heading towards another brutal civil war.
Sudan has been in a state of war for almost its entire history. Having become independent in 1956, it was immediately plunged into a brutal conflict as the Christian African South fought against the predominantly Arab Muslim North. While a peace deal was reached in the early 1970s, fighting erupted again in the early 1980s. But while this eventually led to the independence of South Sudan, another major conflict emerged in the Western province of Darfur. This saw the army assisted by a vicious paramilitary group, the Janjaweed. But as accusations of genocide grew, the fighters were incorporated into the armed forces as the RSF, under their leader Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (or Dagolo or Daglo), also known as Hemedti. This all came to a head in 2019 when Sudan's standing dictator, Omar al-Bashir, was overthrown, and the army took over. This saw Dagalo become deputy leader under the head of the armed forces, General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan. However, this relationship has now broken down, sparking the latest conflict. But how much further could it escalate? And why are other countries - including the United States, Russia and China and the EU - watching developments so closely?
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/ jameskerlindsay VIDEO CHAPTERS00:00 Introductions and Titles
00:42 Sudan and the Military in Politics
01:33 Sudan: Location and Population
02:19 A Brief History of Sudan
03:38 The Civil Wars in Sudan
05:23 The Bashir Presidency and Darfur
07:45 The Fall of Sudan’s al-Bashir
09:45 The Battle Between Burhan and Dagalo
11:22 Is Sudan Heading for Civil War?
SOURCES AND FURTHER READING
Sudanese Presidency
https://presidency.gov.sd/eng
ICC Al Bashir Case
https://www.icc-cpi.int/darfur/albashir
Sudan: What Everyone Needs to Know
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